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The League of Nations and the organisation of peace
2012
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The League of Nations-pre-cursor to the United Nations-was founded in 1919 as a response to the First World War to ensure collective security and prevent the outbreak of future wars. It was set up to facilitate diplomacy in the face of future international conflict, but also to work towards eradicating the causes of war by promoting social and economic justice. The philosophy behind much of the League's fascinating and varied work was to help create satisfied populations who would reject future threats to the peace of their world

In this new volume in the Seminar Studies series, Martyn Housden sets out to balance the League's work in settling disputes, international security and disarmament with an analysis of its achievements in social and economic fields. He explores the contributions of founding members of the League, such as Fridtjof Nansen, Ludwik Rajchman, Rachel Crowdy, Robert Cecil and Jan Smuts, whose humanitarian work laid the foundations for the later successes of the United Nations in such areas as:

the welfare of vulnerable people, especially prisoners of war and refugees

dealing with epidemic diseases and promoting good health

anti-drugs campaigns

Supported by previously unpublished documents and photographs, this book illustrates how an understanding of the League of Nations, its achievements and its ultimate failure to stop the Second World War, is central to our understanding of diplomacy and international relations in the inter-war period. - (Blackwell Publishing)

Each book in the Seminar Studies series provides a concise and reliable introduction to complex events and debates. Written by acknowledged experts and supported by extracts from historical Documents, a Chronology, Glossary, Who's Who of key figures and Guide to Further Reading, Seminar Studies are the essential guides to understanding a topic.

The League of Nations - pre-cursor to the United Nations - was founded in 1919 as a response to the First World War to ensure collective security and prevent the outbreak of future wars. It was set up to facilitate diplomacy in the face of future international conflict, but also to work towards eradicating the causes of war by promoting social and economic justice. The philosophy behind much of the League's fascinating and varied work was to help create satisfied populations who would reject future threats to the peace of their world.

In this new volume in the Seminar Studies series, Martyn Housden sets out to balance the League's work in settling disputes, international security and disarmament with an analysis of its achievements in social and economic fields.

Supported by previously unpublished documents and photographs, this book illustrates how an understanding of the League of Nations, its achievements and its ultimate failure to stop the Second World War, is central to our understanding of diplomacy and international relations in the inter-war period. - (Blackwell UK)

The League of Nations was the first globally recognized inter-governmental body that attempted to organise peace comprehensively. It addressed not only the traditional security areas of military balances and diplomacy, including the peaceful settlement of international disputes, but also aimed at removing the very causes of war by promoting social and economic justice (specifically by addressing the welfare of vulnerable people). In many ways decades ahead of its time, the League broke the mould as a mechanism for ‘doing international relations’. New to the Seminar Studies in History Series, it contains valuable primary source material, a Glossary, Bibliography and Who's Who.

- (PEARSON)

The League of Nations - pre-cursor to the United Nations - was founded in 1919 as a response to the First World War to ensure collective security and prevent the outbreak of future wars. It was set up to facilitate diplomacy in the face of future international conflict, but also to work towards eradicating the very causes of war by promoting social and economic justice. The philosophy behind much of the League's fascinating and varied roles was to help create satisfied populations who would reject future threats to the peace of their world.

In this new volume for Seminar Studies, Martyn Housden sets out to balance the League's work in settling disputes, international security and disarmament with an analysis of its achievements in social and economic fields. He explores the individual contributions of founding members of the League, such as Fridtjof Nansen, Ludwik Rajchman, Rachel Crowdy, Robert Cecil and Jan Smuts, whose humanitarian work laid the foundations for the later successes of the United Nations in such areas as:

  • the welfare of vulnerable people, especially prisoners of war and refugees
  • dealing with epidemic diseases and promoting good health
  • anti-drugs campaigns

Supported by previously unpublished documents and photographs, this book illustrates how an understanding of the League of Nations, its achievements and its ultimate failure to stop the Second World War, is central to our understanding of diplomacy and international relations in the Inter-War period.

- (Taylor & Francis Publishing)

The League of Nations was the first globally recognized inter-governmental body that attempted to organise peace comprehensively. It addressed not only the traditional security areas of military balances and diplomacy, including the peaceful settlement of international disputes, but also aimed at removing the very causes of war by promoting social and economic justice (specifically by addressing the welfare of vulnerable people). In many ways decades ahead of its time, the League broke the mould as a mechanism for ‘doing international relations’. New to the Seminar Studies in History Series, it contains valuable primary source material, a Glossary, Bibliography and Who's Who.

- (Taylor & Francis Publishing)

Author Biography

Martyn Housden is a Reader in Modern History at the University of Bradford. He has written extensively on the history of modern Germany and also on Central and Eastern Europe.

- (Blackwell Publishing)

Martyn Housden has written two historical monographs and four other History texts, including Resistance and Conformity in the Third Reich (London: Routledge, 1997) and Hitler: Biography of a Revolutionary (Routledge, 2000). More recently he has produced a number of articles about the League of Nations, for instance:  ‘What makes our world safe?’, Twentieth Century History Review (in press), and ‘Fridtjof Nansen and the League of Nations: 1920-22’, Twentieth Century History Review 3 (2008).

- (PEARSON)



Martyn Housden

is a Reader in Modern History at the University of Bradford. He has written extensively on the history of modern Germany and also on Central and Eastern Europe.

- (Taylor & Francis Publishing)

Flap Cover Text

The League of Nations - pre-cursor to the United Nations - was founded in 1919 as a response to the First World War to ensure collective security and prevent the outbreak of future wars. It was set up to facilitate diplomacy in the face of future international conflict, but also to work towards eradicating the very causes of war by promoting social and economic justice. The philosophy behind much of the League’s fascinating and varied roles was to help create satisfied populations who would reject future threats to the peace of their world.

In this new volume for Seminar Studies, Martyn Housden sets out to balance the League’s work in settling disputes, international security and disarmament with an analysis of its achievements in social and economic fields. He explores the individual contributions of founding members of the League, such as Fridtjof Nansen, Ludwik Rajchman, Rachel Crowdy, Robert Cecil and Jan Smuts, whose humanitarian work laid the foundations for the later successes of the United Nations in such areas as:

  • the welfare of vulnerable people, especially prisoners of war and refugees
  • dealing with epidemic diseases and promoting good health
  • anti-drugs campaigns

Supported by previously unpublished documents and photographs, this book illustrates how an understanding of the League of Nations, its achievements and its ultimate failure to stop the Second World War, is central to our understanding of diplomacy and international relations in the Inter-War period.

Martyn Housden is a Reader in Modern History at the University of Bradford. He has written extensively on the history of modern Germany and also on Central and Eastern Europe.

- (PEARSON)

Large Cover Image
Table of Contents

Acknowledgements x
Publisher's acknowledgements xi
Chronology xii
Who's who xvi
Glossary xviii
Part One Analysis 1(114)
Introduction: Organising The Peace Of The World
3(3)
1 What Was The League Of Nations?
6(14)
What Was the League of Nations and Why Study it Today?
6(2)
A Complicated Character: Super-State, Commonwealth, Utopia?
8(3)
The Covenant of the League of Nations
11(1)
Structure of the Organisation
12(4)
Historiography: The League as Success or Failure?
16(2)
Conclusion
18(2)
2 How New Was The League Of Nations?
20(18)
Introduction: Disillusionment with the Balance of Power
20(1)
Distant Origins
21(1)
Nineteenth Century: The Concert of Europe and Arbitration
22(3)
Nineteenth Century: Globalisation, Humanitarianism, Pacifism and National Minorities
25(4)
The Legacy of War
29(3)
Woodrow Wilson and the Peace Settlement
32(2)
Omissions, but Optimism Nonetheless
34(2)
Conclusion
36(2)
3 A Promising Start? Disputes, Borders And National Minorities In The 1920's
38(19)
Introduction: The Spirit of the Age
38(1)
Settling Disputes Peacefully in the 1920's
39(5)
Assigning Territories and Drawing Borders
44(6)
National Minorities: Trying to Remove a Cause of War
50(5)
Conclusion
55(2)
4 International Humanitarian Action: Refugees And Security
57(18)
Introduction
57(2)
Taking Soldiers Home, 1920-22
59(3)
Flight and Repatriation: Russian Refugees, 1920-25
62(4)
Exchanging Populations: Greece and Turkey
66(4)
The Armenians: Suffering without a Nation State
70(2)
Refugees in the 1930's
72(1)
Conclusion
73(2)
5 Removing The Causes Of War Social And Economic Projects
75(18)
Introduction
75(1)
Curing the World
76(4)
The Drugs Trade
80(2)
Salvaging Humans and Preventing People-Trafficking
82(2)
Abolishing Slavery and its Kindred Forms
84(2)
Beyond Imperialism: Mandates
86(2)
Economics of Peace: Social Justice and International Stability
88(3)
Conclusion: Organising Peace and Removing the Causes of War
91(2)
6 The League Betrayed: Collective Security In The 1930's And Disarmament
93(18)
Introduction
93(1)
Disarmament: An Impossible Quest?
94(4)
Manchuria: A Turning Point for Collective Security?
98(4)
The Abyssinian Crisis
102(4)
Early Moves to Reappraise Collective Security: Addressing the Causes of War
106(2)
Conclusion
108(3)
Conclusion: Assessing The League Of Nations
111(4)
A Path-Breaking Organisation
111(1)
Changing Convictions
112(1)
Balance
112(3)
Part Two Documents 115(41)
1 Human security
116(1)
2 Different ways to prevent wars
116(1)
3 Mankind is once more on the move
117(1)
4 The Covenant of the League of Nations
118(2)
5 Could the League have prevented the First World War?
120(2)
6 The Geneva racket'
122(1)
7 The various degrees of self-determination
123(1)
8 Beyond the bowie knife
124(1)
9 Two views of the Aland Islands
125(2)
10 Tellini's murder
127(2)
11 The Rumbold report
129(2)
12 Making sense of Mosul
131(2)
13 Emotion in Vienna
133(1)
14 Narva's transit system
133(1)
15 Interview with General Wrangel
134(1)
16 Observing Bolshevik security
135(1)
17 McDonald's resignation letter
136(1)
18 Typhus in Poland
137(1)
19 Seizing opium
138(2)
20 Persian poppies
140(2)
21 People-trafficking in the Far East
142(1)
22 Slavery in Abyssinia
143(1)
23 The Christie report
144(1)
24 Progress in Rwanda-Burundi
145(1)
25 Armaments and the causes of war
146(1)
26 Security before disarmament
147(1)
27 Lytton discusses the Mukden incident
148(2)
28 Oil sanctions?
150(1)
29 Haile Selassie at Geneva
150(2)
30 The Bruce report
152(1)
31 The Bernheim petition
153(3)
Further Reading 156(5)
References 161(8)
Index 169

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