Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
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1 Biological Evolution: The Beginnings of the Story |
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1 | (24) |
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The Development of Evolution as a Science |
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1 | (2) |
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The Years before Publication of Origin of Species |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Change and Species Formation |
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6 | (1) |
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Natural History and Classification |
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6 | (2) |
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Exploring the Development and Progress of Life on Earth |
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8 | (2) |
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The Galapagos Islands and Darwin's Finches: A Case Study |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (2) |
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Classification and the Galapagos Finches |
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15 | (5) |
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Darwin's Finches and the Origin of Species |
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20 | (2) |
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The Galapagos Islands and Natural Selection |
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22 | (3) |
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2 Reviewing the Evidence for Evolution |
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25 | (20) |
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Homology and Comparative Anatomy |
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25 | (4) |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (2) |
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Observational and Experimental Evidence |
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43 | (2) |
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3 Genetic Variation within Populations |
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45 | (29) |
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Inheritance and Variation |
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45 | (5) |
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Early Ideas Regarding the Continuity of Life |
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50 | (1) |
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Biological Inheritance and the Work of Gregor Mendel |
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50 | (3) |
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53 | (3) |
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Origins and Maintenance of Variation |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (4) |
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What Sorts of Genes Are Needed by Living Things? |
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61 | (2) |
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Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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Variation within Populations |
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66 | (4) |
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Variation between Populations |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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4 Natural Selection and Adaptive Change |
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74 | (20) |
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Natural and Artificial Selection |
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76 | (4) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (1) |
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Directional Selection and Local Adaptation |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (3) |
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Genetic Drift and the Adaptive Landscape |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (3) |
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5 Evolution and Development |
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94 | (18) |
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Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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The Body Axes and Segmentation |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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The Divergence of Body Plans |
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106 | (2) |
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Homeotic Genes and Control of Development in Higher Plants |
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108 | (3) |
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Evolutionary Developmental Repatteming |
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111 | (1) |
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6 The Origins of Biodiversity |
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112 | (18) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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Speciation through Polyploidy |
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119 | (1) |
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Parapatric Distribution, Speciation and Hybrid Zones |
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120 | (5) |
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125 | (1) |
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The Explosive Speciation of Cichlids |
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126 | (4) |
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7 Taxonomy and the Diversity of Life |
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130 | (23) |
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Linnaeus and Classification |
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131 | (2) |
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Lamarck and the Scala Naturae |
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133 | (2) |
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Classification and Evolution |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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Developing a Modern, Biological Classification |
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138 | (1) |
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An Objective Classification? |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (5) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (3) |
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Classification and Big Data |
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152 | (1) |
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8 The History and Origins of Life on Earth |
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153 | (29) |
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What Is Life: Characteristics of Living Things |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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Origins of the Eukaryotes and the Evolution of Sex |
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161 | (3) |
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Multicellularity and the Higher Taxa |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (9) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (3) |
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9 Molecules and Evolution |
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182 | (16) |
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182 | (3) |
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Replication and the RNA World |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (4) |
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190 | (1) |
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Rates of Molecular Evolution |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Phylogenomics and Transposable Elements |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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Genomics and `Big Science' |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (25) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (4) |
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Paleobiology and the Human Lineage |
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206 | (5) |
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211 | (1) |
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Evidence from the Human Genome |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (2) |
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11 Trends and Patterns in Evolution |
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223 | (18) |
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224 | (2) |
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Measuring Rates of Evolutionary Change |
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226 | (4) |
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Extinction and Patterns of Mass Extinction |
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230 | (4) |
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Heterochrony and Life History Strategies |
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234 | (3) |
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Are Trends in Evolution Progressive? |
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237 | (1) |
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Biological Evolution As Science |
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238 | (3) |
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12 Questions, Debate and Controversy |
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241 | (10) |
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Questions in Evolutionary Biology |
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241 | (5) |
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Life's Continuing Existence |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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From So Simple a Beginning |
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250 | (1) |
References |
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251 | (4) |
Recommended Reading |
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255 | (7) |
List of Figure Credits |
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262 | (2) |
List of Chapter Reviewers |
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264 | (1) |
Index |
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265 | |